What is the term for judging based on evidence or reasoning?

The term "evaluate" refers to the process of judging the value or significance of something based on evidence or reasoning. In the context of analysis, evaluation involves examining various components or aspects of a subject to form a judgment or opinion about its worth or quality. This can include considering the strengths and weaknesses of an argument, the effectiveness of a piece of writing, or the credibility of a source.

While "assess," "critique," and "examine" are all related to the process of judgment and analysis, they do not fully encompass the comprehensive, often formalized process that evaluation suggests. For instance, assessing often implies measuring or estimating the nature or ability of something, whereas critiquing implies a detailed analysis aiming both to appreciate and to express shortcomings. Examining simply means to look closely at something, which is just one step in the broader process of evaluation. Therefore, "evaluate" is the most fitting term for the specific action of forming a judgment based on evidence and reasoning.