What does the setting of a story typically include?

The setting of a story is essential as it provides the backdrop against which the narrative unfolds. It typically includes both the physical location, such as the geographical place where the events occur, and the time period, which can refer to the specific era or timeframe in which the story takes place. This context helps to ground the plot and the characters in a realistic framework, influencing the events and the behavior of the characters throughout the narrative.

In contrast, focusing solely on the physical description of characters does not encompass the full breadth of the setting. The emotional state of the protagonist refers more to character development than to the setting, as it involves the character's feelings and experiences rather than their surroundings. Additionally, the resolution of the main conflict is an outcome of the plot, rather than a component of the setting itself. Hence, the first choice correctly encompasses the integral elements that define the setting in literature.